– The papal throne remained vacant for six and a half years
– He did everything in his power to reform the church and mend what his predecessor had corrupted, especially the bishops whom ordained through simony
– The Pope dealt with them harshly, which was the reason for many to leave Orthodoxy
– The vizier Al-Asaad Sharaf Al-Din (Coptic in origin) took double the jizya (Islamic tax) from the Christians
Ruler: Shajar Al-Durr / Izz Al-Din Aybak (1250), Al-Mansour Ali Nur Al-Din Ibn Aybak (1257–1259), Seif Al-Din Qutuz (1259–1260), Al-Malik Al-Zahir Baibars (1260–1277)